Ukraine

Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea between Poland, Belarus, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east, with mostly fertile plains and plateaus and mountains only in the west and in the south. The climate is temperate continental, with warm summers across most of the country and cold winters, varying from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland. Kyiv serves as the capital, and Ukraine has a population of approximately 35.66 million people who speak Ukrainian and Russian.

Ukraine has a lower-middle-income Eastern European economy that experienced a severe 30 percent GDP contraction at the start of the war, though gradual recovery has been supported by consumer and business resilience in the west. Key industries include industrial machinery, ferrous and nonferrous metals, automotive and aircraft components, electronics, chemicals, textiles, and mining. The country is rich in natural resources including iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, graphite, titanium, and arable land. International aid has stabilized foreign exchange reserves, allowing a managed currency float.