Sudan

Sudan is located in north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea between Egypt and Eritrea, with the Nile serving as the country’s primary water source. The landscape is generally flat and featureless with desert dominating the northern region, and the country experiences a hot and dry arid climate with a rainy season that varies by region from April to November. Khartoum is the capital, and Sudan has a population of approximately 50.47 million people who speak Arabic, English, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, and Fur.

Sudan has a low-income Sahel economy that has been devastated by an ongoing civil war, with major impacts on rural income, industrial production, agricultural supply chains, and commerce. Key industries include oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, petroleum refining, and pharmaceuticals. The country possesses natural resources such as petroleum, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, and hydropower. The economy faces severe challenges including hyperinflation, currency depreciation, and worsening food access and humanitarian conditions.