Spain

Spain is located in Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains, southwest of France. The country features a large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills, with the Pyrenees Mountains in the north, and has a temperate climate with clear, hot summers and cold, cloudy winters in the interior while coastal areas are more moderate and cloudy. Madrid serves as the capital, and Spain has a population of approximately 47.28 million people who primarily speak Castilian Spanish, along with regional languages such as Catalan, Galician, and Basque.

Spain has a high-income, core-EU and eurozone economy driven by strong growth in public consumption, tourism, and other service exports, despite a tight labor market with high structural unemployment. Key industries include textiles and apparel, food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, and pharmaceuticals. The country is rich in natural resources such as coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, and hydropower, and it has significant arable land supporting a diverse agricultural sector producing olives, pork, grapes, wheat, and tomatoes.