Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is a country located in the Middle East bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen, covering an area of approximately 2.15 million square kilometers. As of 2024, Saudi Arabia has a population of about 36.54 million, with Arabic as the official language. The country is mostly sandy desert with a harsh, dry desert climate featuring great temperature extremes. Riyadh serves as the capital, and the government operates as an absolute monarchy.

Saudi Arabia has a high-income, oil-based Middle Eastern economy with a GDP of $1.24 trillion and a GDP per capita of $62,700, driven by crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, and construction. Key agricultural products include milk, dates, chicken, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, potatoes, olives, eggs, and onions, while natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, and copper. The unemployment rate is 3% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 79 years. Saudi Arabia is an OPEC founding member implementing its Vision 2030 strategy prioritizing economic diversification, increased private sector involvement, and projects funded by its sovereign wealth fund.