Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine, covering an area of approximately 238,391 square kilometers. As of 2024, Romania has a population of about 18.15 million, with Romanian as the official language alongside Hungarian and Romani. The central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps, with a temperate climate of cold, cloudy winters and sunny summers with frequent showers. Bucharest serves as the capital, and the government operates as a semi-presidential republic.

Romania has a high-income EU-member economy with a GDP of $382.77 billion and a GDP per capita of $40,600, driven by electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, and construction materials. Key agricultural products include wheat, maize, milk, sunflower seeds, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, grapes, plums, and apples, while natural resources include petroleum, timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, and hydropower. The unemployment rate is 6% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 76.5 years and a literacy rate of 99.2%. Euro membership has been delayed over macroeconomic indicators, and the country faces challenges of persistent inflation, skilled labor shortages, and fiscal sustainability.