Republic of Chad

Chad is a landlocked country located in Central Africa, bordered by Libya, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger, covering an area of approximately 1.28 million square kilometers. As of 2025, Chad has a population of over 18 million, with French and Arabic as official languages. The country features diverse geography including the Sahara Desert in the north, the Sahelian belt in the center, and fertile savanna in the south. N’Djamena serves as the capital.

Chad’s economy is dominated by oil production, which accounts for the majority of export revenues, along with agriculture and livestock. The country faces severe development challenges including poverty, food insecurity, political instability, and the impacts of climate change and desertification. Key agricultural products include cotton, cattle, and gum arabic. Despite its oil wealth, Chad remains one of the least developed countries in the world, with limited infrastructure and access to basic services for much of its population.