Poland

Poland is a country located in Central Europe, east of Germany, covering an area of approximately 312,685 square kilometers. As of 2024, Poland has a population of about 38.75 million, with Polish as the official language. The country is mostly flat plain with mountains along the southern border and has a temperate climate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters and mild summers with frequent showers. Warsaw serves as the capital, and the government operates as a parliamentary republic.

Poland has a high-income, diversified EU-member economy with a GDP of $914.7 billion and a GDP per capita of $45,100, driven by machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, and textiles. Key agricultural products include sugar beets, milk, wheat, maize, potatoes, triticale, apples, rapeseed, barley, and rye, while natural resources include coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, and arable land. The unemployment rate is 3% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 78.4 years. Poland has experienced significant growth in GDP, trade, and investment since joining the EU in 2004, driven by private consumption and EU-funded public investments.