Peru

Peru is a country located in Western South America bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador, covering an area of approximately 1.285 million square kilometers. As of 2025, Peru has a population of about 32.77 million, with Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara as official languages. The country has three major geographic regions: a western coastal plain, high and rugged Andes in the center, and eastern lowland jungle of the Amazon Basin, with a climate that varies from tropical in the east to dry desert in the west and temperate to frigid in the Andes. Lima serves as the capital, and the government operates as a presidential republic.

Peru has an upper-middle-income economy with a GDP of $289.22 billion and a GDP per capita of $15,700, driven by mining and refining of minerals, steel, metal fabrication, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas, fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, and chemicals. Key agricultural products include sugarcane, potatoes, rice, bananas, milk, maize, chicken, oil palm fruit, cassava, and grapes, while natural resources include copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, and natural gas. The unemployment rate is 5.1% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 77.9 years and a literacy rate of 93.7%. Peru has a strong post-COVID rebound tempered by political uncertainty and climate risks, with exports driven by mineral extraction and agriculture.