Norway

Norway is a country located in Northern Europe bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden, covering an area of approximately 323,802 square kilometers. As of 2024, Norway has a population of about 5.51 million, with Bokmal Norwegian and Nynorsk Norwegian as official languages. The country is glaciated with mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys, small scattered plains, a deeply indented coastline with fjords, and arctic tundra in the north, with a temperate climate along the coast modified by the North Atlantic Current. Oslo serves as the capital, and the government operates as a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

Norway has a high-income economy with a GDP of $483.73 billion and a GDP per capita of $91,100, driven by petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, and textiles. Key agricultural products include milk, barley, potatoes, oats, wheat, pork, chicken, beef, eggs, and carrots and turnips, while natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, and hydropower. The unemployment rate is 4.6% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 83.2 years. Norway plays a key role in European energy security as a leader in oil, gas, and electricity exports, and its oil sovereign fund supports a generous welfare system.