Niger

Niger is a country located in Western Africa, southeast of Algeria, covering an area of approximately 1.267 million square kilometers. As of 2025, Niger has a population of about 27.32 million, with French as the official language alongside Hausa, Zarma, Fufulde, Tamashek, Kanuri, Gurmancema, and Tagdal. The country is predominately desert plains and sand dunes with flat to rolling plains in the south and hills in the north, featuring a mostly hot, dry, dusty desert climate that becomes tropical in the extreme south. Niamey serves as the capital.

Niger has a low-income Sahel economy with a GDP of $19.54 billion and a GDP per capita of $1,800, driven by uranium mining, petroleum, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, and slaughterhouses. Key agricultural products include millet, cowpeas, sorghum, onions, milk, sugarcane, cabbages, cassava, groundnuts, and tomatoes, while natural resources include uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, and petroleum. The unemployment rate is 0.4% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 61.4 years and a literacy rate of 35.6%. Major instability and humanitarian crises limit economic activity, though the economy has been rebounding since the December 2020 Nigerian border reopening.