Nicaragua

Nicaragua is a country located in Central America bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras, covering an area of approximately 130,370 square kilometers. As of 2025, Nicaragua has a population of about 6.74 million, with Spanish as the official language spoken by 99.5% of the population. The country features extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains and a narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes, with a tropical climate that is cooler in the highlands. Managua serves as the capital, and the government operates as a presidential republic.

Nicaragua has a low-income economy with a GDP of $19.69 billion and a GDP per capita of $7,700, driven by food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturing, and mining. Key agricultural products include sugarcane, milk, rice, oil palm fruit, maize, plantains, cassava, groundnuts, beans, and chicken, while natural resources include gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, and fish. The unemployment rate is 5% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 75.1 years. Nicaragua experienced sustained GDP growth for nearly 20 years until 2018 but now struggles with political instability, hurricane impacts, and sanctions that limit investment.