Netherlands

Netherlands is a country located in Western Europe along the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany, covering an area of approximately 41,543 square kilometers. As of 2025, the Netherlands has a population of over 17.8 million, with Dutch as the official language and Frisian as a regional official language. The country features mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land known as polders, with some hills in the southeast, and about a quarter of the country lies below sea level. Amsterdam serves as the capital, and the government operates as a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

The Netherlands has a high-income, core EU economy with a GDP of $1.23 trillion and a GDP per capita of $70,900, driven by agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, and fishing. Key agricultural products include milk, sugar beets, potatoes, onions, pork, wheat, and tomatoes, while natural resources include natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, and arable land. The unemployment rate is 3.9% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 82 years. The Netherlands is a global leader in innovation, competitiveness, and business climate, with strong services, logistics, and technology sectors.