Montenegro

Montenegro is a country located in Southeastern Europe between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia, covering an area of approximately 13,812 square kilometers. As of 2024, Montenegro has a population of about 599,800, with Montenegrin as the official language alongside Serbian, Bosnian, and Albanian. The country features a highly indented coastline with a narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus, with a Mediterranean climate of hot, dry summers and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland. Podgorica serves as the capital, and the government operates as a parliamentary republic.

Montenegro has an upper-middle-income economy with a GDP of $8.07 billion and a GDP per capita of $27,900, driven by steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, and tourism. Key agricultural products include milk, potatoes, watermelons, grapes, and oranges, while natural resources include bauxite and hydroelectricity. The unemployment rate is 13.6% as of 2025, with a literacy rate of 98.5% and life expectancy of 77.9 years. Montenegro uses the euro as its de facto currency and is pursuing EU accession, though it faces challenges including reduced growth due to slowdowns in tourism and industrial production.