Mexico

Mexico is a country located in North America, bordering the United States, Guatemala, and Belize, with coastlines on the Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of America, covering an area of approximately 1.96 million square kilometers. As of 2024, Mexico has a population of over 130.7 million, with Spanish as the dominant language and numerous indigenous languages also spoken. The country features high, rugged mountains, low coastal plains, high plateaus, and desert, with climate varying from tropical to desert. Mexico City serves as the capital, and the government operates as a federal presidential republic.

Mexico has an upper-middle-income economy with a GDP of $1.85 trillion and a GDP per capita of $22,000, driven by food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, and tourism. Key agricultural products include sugarcane, maize, milk, oranges, sorghum, tomatoes, and wheat, while natural resources include petroleum, silver, antimony, copper, gold, lead, zinc, and natural gas. The unemployment rate is 2.7% as of 2025, with a literacy rate of 95%. Mexico is highly integrated with the US economy through trade and nearshore manufacturing, though it faces challenges from income inequality, corruption, and cartel-based violence.