Lithuania

Lithuania is a country located in Eastern Europe along the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus, covering an area of approximately 65,300 square kilometers. As of 2025, Lithuania has a population of about 2.8 million, with Lithuanian as the official language spoken by 85.3%, alongside Russian and Polish. The country features lowland terrain with many scattered small lakes and fertile soil, experiencing a transitional climate between maritime and continental with wet, moderate winters and summers. Vilnius serves as the capital, and the government operates as a semi-presidential republic.

Lithuania has a high-income economy and is the largest Baltic economy, with a GDP of $84.87 billion and a GDP per capita of $47,200, driven by metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, petroleum refining, shipbuilding, furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, lasers, electronics, and biotechnology. Key agricultural products include wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseed, barley, and potatoes, while natural resources include peat, arable land, and amber. The unemployment rate is 6.7% as of 2025, with a poverty rate of 20.9%. As a member of the European Union and eurozone, Lithuania faces structural challenges including pension reform, an aging workforce, and high energy-import costs.