Libya

Libya is a country located in Northern Africa along the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria, covering an area of approximately 1.76 million square kilometers. As of 2024, Libya has a population of over 7.36 million, with Arabic as the official language alongside Italian and English widely understood in major cities. The country is mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, and depressions, with a Mediterranean climate along the coast and a dry, extreme desert interior. Tripoli serves as the capital, and the government remains in transition.

Libya has an upper-middle-income, fossil fuel-based economy with a GDP of $46.64 billion and a GDP per capita of $12,300, overwhelmingly dependent on petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, and cement. Key agricultural products include potatoes, onions, watermelons, tomatoes, dates, and olives, while natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, and gypsum. The unemployment rate is 18.8% as of 2025. Libya faces severe economic challenges following the 2020 oil blockade and political instability, with reduced government spending, currency devaluation, and public wages accounting for over 60% of expenditures.