Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is a country located in Central Asia, northwest of China, with a small portion west of the Ural River in easternmost Europe, covering an area of approximately 2.72 million square kilometers, making it the largest landlocked country in the world. As of 2025, Kazakhstan has a population of over 20.4 million, with Kazakh and Russian as the dominant languages. The country features vast flat steppe extending from the Volga to the Altai Mountains, with a continental climate of cold winters and hot summers. Astana serves as the capital, and the government operates as a presidential republic.

Kazakhstan has an upper-middle-income economy with a GDP of $288.41 billion and a GDP per capita of $35,900, driven by oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, gold, silver, and uranium extraction. Key agricultural products include wheat, milk, barley, potatoes, and watermelons, while the country holds major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, and uranium. The unemployment rate is 4.8% as of 2025, with a poverty rate of just 5.2%. Kazakhstan continues to experience robust growth driven by rising oil production, manufacturing expansion, and infrastructure investments, though rapid growth has contributed to high inflation rates.