Jordan

Jordan is a country located in the Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel and Iraq, covering an area of approximately 89,342 square kilometers. As of 2025, Jordan has a population of over 11.3 million, with Arabic as the official language and English widely understood among upper and middle classes. The country features mostly arid desert plateau with a great north-south geological rift along the west, including the Jordan River Valley and the Dead Sea, experiencing a mostly arid desert climate with a rainy season in the west. Amman serves as the capital, and the government operates as a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

Jordan has an upper-middle-income economy with a GDP of $53.35 billion and a GDP per capita of $9,500, driven by tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash and phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, and light manufacturing. Key agricultural products include tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, and olives, while natural resources include phosphates, potash, and shale oil. The unemployment rate is 16.5% as of 2025, with a literacy rate of 94.8% and life expectancy of 78 years. Jordan faces challenges including high debt, high youth and female unemployment, and vulnerability to regional instability, though it continues to benefit from strong US foreign assistance and growing manufacturing and agricultural sectors.