Jamaica

Jamaica is an island country located in the Caribbean, south of Cuba, covering an area of approximately 10,991 square kilometers. As of 2025, Jamaica has a population of over 2.9 million, with English as the official language and Jamaican patois widely spoken. The country is mostly mountainous with a narrow, discontinuous coastal plain, experiencing a tropical climate that is hot and humid with more temperate conditions in the interior. Kingston serves as the capital, and the government operates as a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy as a Commonwealth realm.

Jamaica has an upper-middle-income economy with a GDP of $19.93 billion and a GDP per capita of $10,300, driven by agriculture, mining, manufacturing, construction, financial services, tourism, and telecommunications. Key agricultural products include sugarcane, goat milk, yams, oranges, coconuts, bananas, and pineapples, while natural resources include bauxite, alumina, gypsum, and limestone. The unemployment rate is 3.3% as of 2025, with a life expectancy of 71.6 years and a female literacy rate of 90.8%. Jamaica is making progress in reducing public debt and moderating inflation, though it faces challenges including high crime, youth unemployment, and vulnerability to natural disasters and global commodity price shocks.