Italy

Italy is a country located in Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia, covering an area of approximately 301,340 square kilometers. As of 2025, Italy has a population of about 60.9 million, with Italian as the official language alongside German, French, and Slovene in certain border regions. The country is mostly rugged and mountainous with some plains and coastal lowlands, experiencing a predominantly Mediterranean climate with alpine conditions in the far north. Rome serves as the capital, and the government operates as a parliamentary republic.

Italy has a high-income, core EU economy with a GDP of $2.37 trillion and a GDP per capita of $53,100, driven by tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, and ceramics. Key agricultural products include milk, wheat, grapes, tomatoes, maize, olives, and oranges, while natural resources include coal, antimony, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, natural gas, and fish. The unemployment rate is 6.4% as of 2025, and Italians enjoy a life expectancy of 84 years. Italy’s economy has strong services, manufacturing, and tourism sectors, with modest growth supported by net exports and EU funds, though it faces challenges including high public debt and an aging workforce.