India

India is a country located in Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan, covering an area of approximately 3.29 million square kilometers. As of 2025, India has a population of over 1.42 billion, making it the world’s most populous country, with Hindi, English, and 21 other official languages. The country features diverse terrain including the Deccan Plateau, the Ganges plain, the Thar Desert, and the Himalayas, with climate varying from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in the north. New Delhi serves as the capital, and the government operates as a federal parliamentary republic.

India has the largest economy in South Asia with a GDP of $3.91 trillion and a GDP per capita of $9,800, driven by textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, software, and pharmaceuticals. Key agricultural products include sugarcane, rice, wheat, milk, and potatoes, while India holds substantial coal reserves, iron ore, bauxite, rare earth elements, and petroleum. The unemployment rate is 4.2% as of 2025, with literacy at 81.7% and life expectancy at 72.2 years. India continues to experience strong GDP growth led by technology and service sectors, though it faces challenges including poverty, income inequality, and infrastructure development needs.