Greenland

Greenland is a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, located in Northern North America as a large island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada. Greenland covers an area of approximately 2.17 million square kilometers, making it the world’s largest island, though about 1.71 million square kilometers are covered by ice. As of 2024, Greenland has a population of around 57,800, with Greenlandic, Danish, and English as the primary languages. The terrain features a massive icecap covering all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast, with an arctic to subarctic climate of cool summers and cold winters. Nuuk serves as the capital.

Greenland has a high-income economy with a GDP of $3.33 billion and a GDP per capita of $71,000, heavily dependent on the fishing industry, particularly shrimp and Greenland halibut processing. The territory also has emerging mining sectors including anorthosite and ruby mining, with substantial untapped mineral deposits of coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, uranium, and rare earth elements. Greenland relies significantly on Danish financial support and is a non-EU member with preferential market access. The economy is increasingly focused on tourism, sustainable resource development, and hydropower, while the territory continues to navigate its relationship with Denmark and pursue greater economic self-sufficiency.