Germany

Germany is a country located in Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, covering an area of approximately 357,022 square kilometers. As of 2025, Germany has a population of over 84 million, with German as the official language. The country features lowlands in the north, uplands in the center, and the Bavarian Alps in the south, with a temperate and marine climate of cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers. Berlin serves as the capital, and the government operates as a federal parliamentary republic.

Germany has the largest economy in Europe and one of the largest in the world, with a GDP of $4.66 trillion and a GDP per capita of $62,800, driven by world-leading automotive, chemical, engineering, machinery, electronics, and green energy industries. Key agricultural products include milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, and barley, while natural resources include coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, and potash. The unemployment rate is very low at 3.7% as of 2025. As a core member of the European Union and eurozone, Germany is a leading export-driven economy, though it faces challenges from an energy crisis, declining exports, and a shrinking working-age population.