Eritrea

Eritrea is a country located in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and the Red Sea, covering an area of approximately 117,600 square kilometers. As of 2025, Eritrea has a population of over 3.8 million, with Tigrinya and Arabic as working languages. The country features diverse geography including the highlands, coastal plains along the Red Sea, and desert terrain, experiencing a hot, dry climate along the coast and cooler temperatures in the highlands. Asmara serves as the capital.

Eritrea’s economy is primarily agricultural, with the majority of the population engaged in subsistence farming, though the country also has mineral resources including gold, potash, and copper. The country faces significant challenges including political isolation, limited foreign investment, restrictive government policies, and periodic tensions with neighboring Ethiopia. Key agricultural products include sorghum, millet, and livestock. Despite its potential in mining and fisheries, Eritrea remains one of the poorest countries in the world with limited infrastructure and economic opportunities.