Egypt

Egypt is a country located in North Africa and the Middle East, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Libya, Sudan, and Israel, covering an area of approximately 1 million square kilometers. As of 2025, Egypt has a population of over 116 million, with Arabic as the official language. The country features the Nile River Valley and Delta, vast Western and Eastern Deserts, and the Sinai Peninsula, with a hot desert climate. Cairo serves as the capital.

Egypt is one of the largest economies in Africa, driven by tourism, natural gas, manufacturing, agriculture, and the Suez Canal revenues. The country is famous for its ancient civilization, including the Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx, which remain major tourist attractions. Key agricultural products include cotton, rice, wheat, and citrus fruits. Egypt faces challenges including rapid population growth, water scarcity, and economic pressures, but continues to play a leading role in Arab and African affairs and develops its infrastructure and energy sectors.