China

Asia
Beijing

Population

1.41B

Area

9,596,960 km²

GDP

$18.74T

GDP Per Capita

$23,800

Quick FAQs

Region

Asia

Capital

Beijing

ISO 3166

cn

Government Type

communist party-led state

Language

Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, Learn more

ON THIS PAGE

About China

China is the world’s most populous country and second-largest by area, located in East Asia, covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometers. As of 2025, China has a population of over 1.4 billion, with Standard Chinese as the official language. The country features diverse geography including the Himalayas, Gobi Desert, extensive plains, and a long Pacific coastline, with climate ranging from subarctic to tropical. Beijing serves as the capital.

China has the world’s second-largest economy and is a global manufacturing, technology, and trade powerhouse. The country has experienced remarkable economic growth over the past four decades, lifting hundreds of millions out of poverty. Key industries include electronics, machinery, textiles, chemicals, and increasingly advanced technology and renewable energy. China plays a central role in global supply chains and continues to invest heavily in infrastructure, technology, and international trade partnerships through initiatives like the Belt and Road.

Geography & Environment

Geographic Location

Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam

Geographic Coordinate

35 00 N, 105 00 E

Geographic Area

9,596,960 km²

Climate

extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north

Terrain

mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east

Natural Hazards

overwhelming majority of the population is found in the eastern half of the country; the west, with its vast mountainous and desert areas, remains sparsely populated; though ranked first in the world in total population, overall density is less than that of many Asian and European countries; high population density is found along the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys, the Xi Jiang River delta, the Sichuan Basin (around Chengdu), in and around Beijing, and the industrial area around Shenyang

Natural Resources

coal, iron ore, helium, petroleum, natural gas, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, cadmium, ferrosilicon, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, lithium, mercury, tantalum, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten, antimony, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, rare earth elements, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest), arable land

Geography Note

N/A

People & Society

Ave. Life Expentancy at Birth

78.0 years

Urbanization

64.60%

Population Growth Rate

-0.08% (2025 est.)

Literacy Rate

N/A

Health Expendeture

N/A

Education Expenditure

N/A

Languages

Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages; note - Zhuang is official in Guangxi Zhuang, Yue is official in Guangdong, Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uyghur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, Kyrgyz is official in Xinjiang Uyghur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet)

Religions

folk religion 21.9%, Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, Hindu < 0.1%, Jewish < 0.1%, other 0.7% (includes Daoist (Taoist)), unaffiliated 52.1% (2021 est.)

Government

Country Name

conventional long form

People's Republic of China

conventional short form

China

local long form

Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo

local short form

Zhongguo

abbreviation

PRC

etymology

English name could be derived from the Qin (Chin, Ts'in) rulers in the 3rd century B.C., or from the province of Shaanxi (Shensi) with its capital of Xi'an (Sian); the Chinese name Zhongguo translates as "Central Nation" or "Middle Country"

Economy

Economic Overview

world’s second-largest economy by nominal GDP; global leader in exports and manufacturing; historically strong growth slowing; challenges of aging workforce, weak productivity, rising youth unemployment, struggling property sector, and public debt; state-sponsored economic controls and infrastructure investments

GDP Per Capita

$23,800

Unemployment Rate

N/A

Population Below Poverty Line

0% (2020 est.)

Industries

world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizer; consumer products (including footwear, toys, and electronics); food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, railcars and locomotives, ships, aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites

Agricultural Products

maize, rice, vegetables, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, cucumbers/gherkins, tomatoes, watermelons, pork (2023)

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