Canada

North America
Ottawa

Population

39.19M

Area

9,984,670 km²

GDP

$2.24T

GDP Per Capita

$56,700

Quick FAQs

Region

North America

Capital

Ottawa

ISO 3166

ca

Government Type

federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution

Language

English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Learn more

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About Canada

Canada is the second-largest country in the world, located in North America, covering an area of approximately 9.98 million square kilometers, bordered by the United States, the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. As of 2025, Canada has a population of over 39 million, with English and French as official languages. The country features diverse geography including vast forests, prairies, mountains, and Arctic tundra, with climate ranging from temperate to arctic. Ottawa serves as the capital.

Canada has one of the world’s largest and most developed economies, driven by natural resources, manufacturing, technology, and services. The country is a leading producer of oil, natural gas, minerals, and timber, while also having strong technology, aerospace, and financial services sectors. Canadians enjoy universal healthcare, high life expectancy, and excellent education systems. Canada continues to be a major destination for immigrants, contributing to its multicultural society and economic growth.

Geography & Environment

Geographic Location

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US

Geographic Coordinate

60 00 N, 95 00 W

Geographic Area

9,984,670 km²

Climate

varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Terrain

mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast

Natural Hazards

vast majority of the population lives in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km (186 mi) of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia

Natural Resources

bauxite, iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, uranium, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower

Geography Note

N/A

People & Society

Ave. Life Expentancy at Birth

82.1 years

Urbanization

81.90%

Population Growth Rate

0.73% (2025 est.)

Literacy Rate

72.6% (2018 est.)

Health Expendeture

N/A

Education Expenditure

2.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

Languages

English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, Spanish 3.2%, Punjabi 2.6%, Arabic 2.4%, Tagalog 2.3%, Italian 1.5% (2022 est.)

Religions

Christian 53.3%, Muslim 4.9%, Hindu 2.3%, Sikh 2.1%, Buddhist 1%, Jewish 0.9%, Traditional (North American Indigenous) 0.2%, other religions and traditional spirituality 0.6%, none 34.6% (2021 est.)

Government

Country Name

conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Canada
etymology: the name is probably derived from the Huron or Iroquois word kanata, meaning village or camp

Economy

Economic Overview

high-income economy and second-largest US trading partner; key timber, oil, and gas industries; trade uncertainties and weak business investments contributing to economic slowdown; high and growing public debt; inflation moderating but remains above target range

GDP Per Capita

$56,700

Unemployment Rate

N/A

Population Below Poverty Line

N/A

Industries

transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas

Agricultural Products

wheat, rapeseed, maize, milk, barley, soybeans, potatoes, peas, oats, pork (2023)

Location

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