Brunei Darussalam
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About Brunei Darussalam
Brunei is a small country located on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia, bordered by Malaysia and the South China Sea, covering an area of approximately 5,765 square kilometers. As of 2025, Brunei has a population of over 450,000, with Malay as the official language. The country features mostly flat coastal plain with some hilly interior, experiencing a tropical climate with high humidity and rainfall. Bandar Seri Begawan serves as the capital, and the government operates as an absolute Islamic sultanate.
Brunei’s economy is heavily dependent on oil and natural gas, which account for the vast majority of exports and government revenue. This resource wealth has provided Bruneians with one of the highest GDP per capita in Asia, with free healthcare, education, and no personal income tax. The country has been working to diversify its economy beyond hydrocarbons through initiatives in halal products, Islamic finance, and tourism. Challenges include vulnerability to oil price fluctuations and the need for greater economic diversification.
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Country Name
conventional short form: Brunei
local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
local short form: Brunei
etymology: derivation of the name is unclear; the name may come from the Sanskrit word bhumi, meaning "land" or "region"
Economy
Economic Overview
almost exclusively an oil and gas economy; high income country; expansive and robust welfare system; the majority of the population works for the government; promulgating a nationalized halal brand; considering establishment of a bond market and stock exchange