Bhutan
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About Bhutan
Bhutan is a landlocked country located in the Eastern Himalayas in South Asia, bordered by China and India, covering an area of approximately 38,394 square kilometers. As of 2025, Bhutan has a population of over 770,000, with Dzongkha as the official language. The country features some of the most rugged and mountainous terrain in the world, with elevations ranging from subtropical plains to Himalayan peaks over 7,000 meters. Thimphu serves as the capital.
Bhutan is renowned for its unique development philosophy of Gross National Happiness, which prioritizes well-being over material wealth. The economy is based on hydropower exports to India, tourism, and agriculture, with key crops including rice, maize, and citrus fruits. The country has made remarkable progress in healthcare, education, and environmental conservation, maintaining significant forest cover and carbon-negative status. Bhutan’s rich Buddhist culture and stunning Himalayan landscapes make it a distinctive and sought-after travel destination.
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Country Name
conventional short form: Bhutan
local long form: Druk Gyalkhap
local short form: Druk Yul
etymology: name may derive from the Sanskrit words bhoá¹a, the name for Tibet, and anta, meaning "end" -- a reference to Bhutan's location at the southernmost end of Tibet; the local Dzongkha name Druk Yul means "Land of the Dragon"
Economy
Economic Overview
hydropower investments spurring economic development; Gross National Happiness economy; sharp poverty declines; low inflation; strong monetary and fiscal policies; stable currency; fairly resilient response to COVID-19; key economic and strategic relations with India; climate vulnerabilities